C++ Header Files and Associated Library Functions:

Here in this topic we will discuss some important Header files of Turbo C++ 3.0

ctype.h

Contains information used by the character classification and character conversion macros. They are:

isalnum            isalpha             isascii               iscntrl              isdigit              isgraph             islower

isprint              ispunct             isspace             isupper             isxdigit            toascii              _tolower

tolower            _toupper          toupper

conio.h

Declares various functions used in calling the operating system console I/O routines. They are:

cgets                clreol               clrscr                cprintf             cputs                cscanf              delline

getch               getche              getpass                        gettext             gettextinfo      gotoxy             highvideo

inp                   import              inportb             inpw                insline              kbhit                lowvideo

movetext         normvideo       outp                 outport                        outportb          outpw              putch

puttext             _setcursortype                         textattr                        textbackground                       textcolor

textmode

stdio.h

This header files defines all those types and macros that are needed for standard I/O. The file also defines the predefined standard I/O streams. Example: stdin, stdout, stdprn, stderr. Note** Some books may claim that “If the header file iostream.h is included in your program the file stdio.h will get included in your program automatically”. But in case of Turbo C++ 3.0 it is not true. To use any of the functions defined in stdio.h you have to include this file in your program at first. Now let’s see the some important I/O functions contained in stdio.h:

clearerr            _fstrncpy         spawnlp          

fclose               ftell                  spawnlpe        

fcloseall           fwrite              spawnv           

fdopen             getc                 spawnve         

feof                 getchar             spawnvp         

ferror               gets                  spawnvpe       

fflush               getw                sprintf 

fgetc                _pclose            sscanf 

fgetchar           perror               strerror

fgetpos           _popen             _strerror          

fgets                printf               strncpy           

fileno               putc                 tempnam        

flushall             putchar            tmpfile

fopen               puts                 tmpnam          

fprintf              putw                ungetc

fputc                remove            unlink 

fputchar           rename             vfprintf           

fputs                rewind             vfscanf           

fread                rmtmp              vprintf

freopen            scanf                vscanf 

fscanf              setbuf              vsprintf           

fseek                setvbuf            vsscanf           

fsetpos             spawnl

_fsopen           spawnle

stdlib.h

The header file stdlib.h declares several commonly used routines such as conversion routines and search/sort routines and other miscellaneous functions. Functions contained in stdlib.h are as follows:

abort                labs                  realloc

abs                   ldiv                  _rotl

atexit               lfind                _rotr

atof                  _lrotl                _searchenv

atoi                  _lrotr               _searchstr       

atol                  lsearch             _splitpath       

bsearch            ltoa                  srand  

calloc               _makepath       strtod  

_crotr               malloc              strtol   

div                   max                 _strtold           

ecvt                 mblen              strtoul 

exit                  mbstowcs        swab   

_exit                mbtowc           system

fcvt                  min                  time    

free                  putenv             ultoa   

_fullpath          qsort                wcstombs       

gcvt                 rand                 wctomb          

getenv             random           

itoa                  randomize

string.h

Declares several string-manipulation and memory-manipulation routines. They are as follows:

_fmemccpy     _fstrset            strdup 

_fmemchr        _fstrspn           strdup 

_fmemcmp      _fstrstr             strerror

_fmemcpy       _fstrtok           _strerror          

_fmemicmp     _fstrupr           stricmp           

_fmemset        memccpy         strlen  

_fstr*               memchr           strlwr  

_fstrcat            memcmp          strncat

_fstrchr            memcpy           strncmp          

_fstrcmp          memicmp        strncmpi         

_fstrcpy           memmove       strncpy           

_fstrcspn         memset           strnicmp         

_fstrdup          movedata        strnset 

_fstricmp         movmem        strpbrk

_fstrlen            setmem           strrchr 

_fstrlwr           stpcpy             strrev  

_fstrncat          strcat              strset   

_fstrncmp        strchr              strspn  

_fstrncpy         strcmp             strstr   

_fstrnicmp       strcmp             strtok  

_fstrnset          strcmpi                        strupr  

_fstrpbrk         strcoll              strxfrm           

_fstrrchr          strcpy 

_fstrrev            strcspn

math.h

Declares prototypes for the math functions and math error handlers. The functions in math.h header file performs mathematical calculations and conversions. Functions contained in math.h are:

abs       acos,    acosl    asin,     asinl     atan,    atanl    atan2   atan2l  atof _atold      cabs     cabsl

ceil       ceill      cos       cosl      cosh     coshl    exp      expl     fabs     fabs     floor    floorl   fmod   fmodl

frexp    frexpl   hypot   hypotl  labs      ldexp   ldexpl  log       logl      log10   log101 _matherr          _matherrl

modf   modfl poly, polyl       pow     powl    pow10 pow10l            sin        sinl       sinh      sinhl     sqrt

sqrtl     tan       tanl      tanh     tanhl

iomanip.h

The header file iomanip.h declares the C++ streams I/O manipulators and contains macros for creating parameterized manipulators. This header file also includes iostream.h Functions contained in this header file are as follows:

dec      endl     ends     flush    hex      oct       reset/osflags    setfile  setiosflags       setprecision     setw     ws